Monday, 24 August 2015

KADUNA STATE AND THE NEED TO FOCUS ON MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES by Yusuf Ishaku Goje




The elections and swearing-in are over, and also, the tension, anxiety and excitement generated by the process are gradually fading out. What is trending now is the avalanche of expectations and advices coming from all directions, with few realistic ones, while majority of the opinions are idealistic. Kaduna state being the then administrative capital of the north, and now its unofficial political capital, is of interest to many. For reasons of being the third most populated state in the country, and also, it’s cosmopolitan make-up. It is largely believed in many circles that the state has not fared well under the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) over the past sixteen years. This is more so, when one considers the huge allocation that accrued to the state all these years and also the economic potentials of the state without commensurate development.
Unfortunately, the economic potential of the state has not been robustly exploited with the consequences being an unemployment rate of 25.7%, well above the national average of 23.9%. While as for the poverty rate, it is put at 52.4% as core poor, and 38.2% as moderately poor; the second highest incidence of poverty in the zone just behind Zamfara State. The coming of the new administration under the All Progressive Congress has the burden of excessive expectations to grapple with in upturning the state of underdevelopment that has been inflicted on the state.
Meeting the expectations of residents of the state has been made more herculean for the administration of Mallam Nasir El-rufai as a result of the high debt profile, compromised revenue generation system, comatose manufacturing industries, dilapidated or absence of critical infrastructure and social amenities, polarization along ethno-religious lines and a public service structure that encourages corruption and cronyism. The upside being the fact that the new governor, considering his antecedence of diligence and excellence; has the will, credibility and competence to confront these challenges head-on.
With an almost empty purse, low revenue and high debt profile; transforming the “change” mantra from idealism to reality, the administration must quickly identify key sectors with the maximum potential to mobilize huge revenue, enhance economic growth, create massive wealth and redistribute same, generate employment and ultimately reduce poverty to the barest minimum. The sector that, without doubt, has the aforementioned potential is the micro, small and medium enterprises; its resourcefulness has been economically beneficial to countries like United States of America and China.
According to UNIDO globally, micro, small and medium businesses constitute over ninety percent of all enterprises, contributes over fifty percent employment to the workforce and significantly contributes to global Gross Domestic Product. While medium and large businesses needs more capital, technical expertise and workforce; small and micro businesses provide opportunity for more people, with lesser capital and expertise, to establish and be involved in creating wealth. It has been discovered that about seventy percent of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) industries account for development in developed countries.
For instance, According to the E-Journal U.S.A – Economic Perspective, it states that: 99 percent of all American businesses are small. Small businesses provide approximately 75 percent of the net new jobs added to the U.S. economy every year. Small businesses represent 99 percent of all employers. Small businesses employ 50.1 percent of the private workforce. Small businesses provide 40.9 percent of private sales. While in China, 50million small businesses produced 500million jobs between 1980 and 2012 (enwegbara 2013).
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With its huge potential, a number of critical challenges have over the years inhibited the development of businesses in developing countries like Nigeria; to be specific for the purpose of this write-up Kaduna state. They include but not limited to: lack of or limited access to funds and credit facility, lack of robust and inclusive policies, poor infrastructure, inappropriate legal framework, erratic power supply, multiple taxation, harsh regulatory requirements, difficulty in sourcing raw materials, overdependence on imported products, poor ethical conduct, insecurity, political instability and lack of business and entrepreneurial skills.
Experts and other stakeholders have also propounded other reasons why micro, small and medium businesses fail. For instance, the CEO of Domino Information Company Limited (DICL), Mr. Uzo Nduka stated that “excessive focus on products and services, rather than planning and other management functions, has been identified as the major reason why sixty to seventy percentage of small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) fail in the first three years of starting operations in Nigeria”. 
While as for the former governor of Lagos state, Babatunde Fashola, he strongly beliefs that the poor structure of SMEs in the country is responsible for the inability of the sector to contribute significantly to the growth of the economy. This was contained in his presentation at the maiden edition of the First Bank of Nigeria Limited SMEConnect Conference.
The above are also some of the challenges that the new administration in Kaduna state has to contend with in tapping the huge potential lying in-wait in especially small and micro enterprises. When tapped meaningfully they would surely become the driving force to meeting the huge expectations of especially the residents of the state; in the areas of wealth and employment creation, income redistribution, youth empowerment, rural development, bridging the expanding gap between the rich and poor, increased export earnings, revenue generation and economic growth.
In this direction, the new administration should annually identify not less than ten thousand aspiring and existing micro and small business owners; they should be trained through capacity-building in the areas of business and entrepreneurship skills development to strengthen their market competitiveness. Furthermore, they should be organized into cluster cooperatives for easy mobilization and suitability to access trainings, credit and loans from agencies such as Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN), Nigerian Directorate of Employment (NDE), Bank of Industries (BOI), Bank of Agriculture(BOA) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
There should be a constructive and collaborative partnership with key government intervention agencies and the private sector financing institutions to increase easy access to credit facility. A mentorship system should be established to be implemented through an effective Business Development Extension Services (BDES). Work towards ensuring that these businesses are formalized in collaboration with the Corporate Affairs Commission. Ensure the development of a robust database of especially micro and small businesses for research, planning purposes and easy revenue mobilization.
Furthermore, the administration must take the responsibility of formulating and implementing inclusive business friendly policies and programmes, provision of critical infrastructure, ensuring stability and security of lives and properties, open-up the state to both local and international investors, and harmonize and eliminate dubious multiple taxation.
With the population of Kaduna state put at 6,113,503 (according to the 2006 national census) and a land mass of 46,053 square kilometers. Furthermore, according to the National Bureau of Statistics 2010 National Literacy Survey, Kaduna has a youth literacy rate of 67.3%. The state has the workforce and market for micro, small and medium businesses to thrive and expand; thereby making it economically viable and prosperous within the shortest possible time in meeting the people’s expectations.

YUSUF ISHAKU GOJE
08133126091
greatnessygoje@gmail.com

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